FESTIVALS

There was a time when we had many festivals. Now we have very few.

    Our life, now-days, is not full of joy and merriment. We have very few occasions to be happy and gay. Our evenings are dull like a desert though our land is green, our land weekends are gloomy, but still we have that enjoy.

     In my boyhood I used to enjoy going to the circus and yatra (pronounced Jatra), our traditional drama, during the Durga Puja of the Hindus, but those days are gone.

   The major festival now-a day is the Nababarsha, the New Year’s Day. It takes place on the 1^st day of Baishak, the 1^st month of the Bangla calendar. It is the only festival enjoyed by all the Bangalis: the Muslims, the Hindus, the Buddhists, and the Chritians.

    Do we sing and dance on this day? No, we do not. Instead we have good food on the day; the shop-keepers invite their customers to their shops and entertain them with sweetmeats. Some cultural shows are arranged by young people in villages. In cities like Dhaka and Chittagong some cultural societies arrange shows usually under some large trees in some parks early in the morning. The singers sing and dancers dance, and we walk around and enjoy ourselves!

   There are five major religious festivals, two of the Muslims and one of the Hindus, one of the Buddhists, and one of the Christians. The Muslims observe Eidul Fiter and Eidul Azha, and the Hindus the Durga Puja. The Muslims eat rich food on Eidul Fiter, and sacrifice cows and goats on Eidul Azha. There is little merriment. The Hindus observe the Durga Puja for ten days, and enjoy it with songs and Christians the Xmas day.

BANGLADESHI FRUITS

The land of Bangladesh is very fertile. Various kinds of fruits grow here in plenty. So Bangladesh may be called the land of fruits. The fertile land of Bangladesh helps to produce fruits well. She produces various kinds of fruits. So it is called the land of fruits. Fruits are delicious and nutritious. Both children and grown-up people are equally fond of fruits.

   There are various kinds of fruits in Bangladesh. Some of them are very big in size. While some are very small, some fruits are of medium size too. Some are very sweet in taste, some are sour and some, again, are bitter.

  Bangladesh produces fruits in a large quantity. Almost every house has its own fruit trees for domestic use.

   The mango is the most popular fruit. It is called the king of fruits. Rajshahi, black-berries and Bogra produce the best kinds of mangoes in Bangladesh. The Langra, the Fazli, the Gopalbhog and the Mohanbhog are very delicious fruits.

   Next to the mango are bananas, pine-apples, jack- fruits, plums, guavas, black-berries and many other fruits. Children are very fond of plums and guavas. The black-berry is also a favourite fruit. The banana is a popular fruit. It is liked by all. The pine-apple is another delicious fruit. The best variety of pine-apple is found in the districts of Sylhet, Comilla and Rangamati. The orange is also a delicious fruit. It is good for health. The coconut is also a common fruits. Its kernel is tasty and nutritious. The water of a green coconut is a sweet drink. We get coconut oil from the coconut. It grows abundantly in Barisal, Khulna, Patuakhali and Noakhali.

    The food value of the fruits is very great, especially in respect of vitamins. The fruits have some bio-chemical elements which keep our body fit and free from diseases. So they are essential for general health because they supply vitamins and minerals.

    The production of our fruits can be increased much by exporting different fruits.

    Bangladesh is a good producer of fruits. So the proverb goes that every season has its special fruits in Bangladesh. We should take care of our orchards in all possible ways.

BANGLADESHI FAVOURITE POET

        Kazi Nazrul Islam is Bangladeshi favorite poet. We admire all the great poets but we simply love Kazi Nazrul Islam. His poems have a great attraction for us.

        Kazi Nazrul Islam is our teacher, our guide; we turn to him for inspiration and guidance. We like to recite some of the most famous lines of his poems. They give us hope and curare at the time of my despair. Our heart dances when we read his poems. Though we not a good singer, we like to sing some of his famous songs. We love and admire Kazi Nazrul Islam for his writings of revolutionary spirits.

       Kazi Nazrul Islam was born at Churulia in the district of Burdwan in 1899. He was born in a poor but noble family, but he did not get a good chance for reguar education. He was a restless child of Nature. The school education had no charm for him. He walked about and received his lessons from whatever he saw or heard all around him. As a school pupil, as a soldier in the First World War, he gathered a lot of experiences.

     His books ‘Agnibina’, ‘Bisher Banshi’, ‘Bidrohi’, ‘Sarbanhara’, ‘Bulbul’, ‘Dhumketu’ etc. are his notable works. They have a great contribution towards Bangla literature. He composed thousand of songs and ‘gajals’. He also wrote many novels, stories, dramas and poems. He was sent to jail for his ‘Dhumketu’ and ‘Agnibina’. His poems inspired thousand of people to fight for our independence.

    Kazi Nazrul Islam’s life was full of struggles. He always led a reckless life. He seldom took care of his life. As a result, in 1945 he was attacked with an incurable disease. He suffered from this disease till his death. In 1972 he was brought to free Bangladesh from West Bengal and he was honoured as the national poet of our country. He breathed his last on 29^th August, 1976 in Dhaka.

     Kazi Nazrul Islam was at the same time a poet, a musician a novelist, a story- writer and a dramatist. He is well-known as a rebel poet. He was also a politically conscious person. He always fought for establishing social justice. His Islamic poems and songs inspire the Muslim community. We the bangalees are very proud that we could bring him in Bangladesh and honour him greatly.

Road communication of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is an under developing country. She is trying her level best to develop her infrastructure and super structure. Road communication is the intra-structure in Bangladesh that is not in a satisfactory condition. The modern economy is dependent on the upliftment of road communication for its smooth exposure. The total conditions of road communication in Bangladesh are a common phenomenon. This is because of the poor condition of our roads and streets.

   There are metalled and unmetalled roads in Bangladesh. The metalled roads are there in the cities and in the town. Most of the metalled roads have covered the inter-district communication of the country. The unmetalled roads are there in the rural areas or in the hilly regions. During the rainy season the condition of the unmetalled roads becomes deplorable because they become muddy and people feel troubled to move on them.

   The inter-district road communication in Bangladesh is, to some extents, good. But on many places there are small holes that cause severe accidents. The bus drivers can carry passengers from one district to another playing along the inter-district roads. The trucks, private cars and different kinds of auto miles follow these roads to go from one district to another.

    There are some highways in Bangladesh that are superior to other ways in quality. The Dhaka-Chittagong highway deserves the credit of being fine and smooth. There are some productive bridges in Bangladesh that are playing vital role in road communication. Among them the Jamuna Multifarious Bridge linking the north with south, the China- Bangladesh Friendship Bride the liking are important and worth-mentionable. There are many culverts in Bangladesh especially in the regional areas that are helping a lot in road communication sector.

     Last of all, we can say that road communication in Bangladesh must be upgraded fpr our betterment. By-pass roads are required to be completed to make the highways tree from vehicle jam. The poor structure of the roads needs to be remodeled so that drivers can drive modern vehicles smoothly. Then we can have a standard road communication in Bangladesh.

LIFE OF A PEASANT IN BANGLADESH

The life of a peasant in Bangladesh is a sad tale of poverty and misery. He passes his day in want and distress all the year round. He lives from hand to mouth. He goes without food. He leads a very hard life.

     We live at present in the civilized world having modern amenities of life. But a peasant of Bangladesh is deprived of all these. Our peasants mainly live in villages. They have been suffering from constant poverty. They are helpless victims to the forces of nature. The rain pours down through their leaky roofs, the sun burns their skin and the mosquitoes bite them cruelly. They cannot give adequate food and clothes to their children. They die before their eyes for want of medicine. They cannot educate their children.

    The daily life of a peasant in Bangladesh is one of endless struggle. For the most part of the year he practically finds no work to do. In the morning he smokes tobacco in a hukka and says his morning prayers after proper wash. Then he eats watered rice with green chilly and onion and goes in search of work. He is lucky enough food for his family. So he very often starves with his wife and children. In the rainy season he keeps busy in the paddy fields. He does not find time to come home to have his meals.

    A peasant of Bangladesh is ignorant of the outside world. He follows the old method of cultivation. He is not thought to be enough by him. He is rather used to these miseries.

     A peasant is an indispensable person in the national life of Bangladesh. Attempts should be taken to improve his hard lot. The present government has devised. Some policies for improving the financial condition of the pe

government and politics

Bangladesh is a unitary position and parliamentary democratic system. Shortest elections in which every citizens, ripened 18 or more than, preserve choose are held each five years for the unicameral parliament well-known as Latoya Sang sad. The parliamentary structure is known as the Jatiyo Sangshad Bhaban and was intended by designer Louis Kahn. At present the parliament has 345 members counting 45 reserved chairs for women, selected from single-member constituency. The Prime Minister, as the top of government, forms the cupboard and runs the everyday relationships of position. As the Prime Minister is properly selected by the head, he or she should be an MP who instructions the self-confidence of the majority of parliament. The leader is the top of state but mostly a traditional send designated by the parliament.

Though the President's powers are significantly extended during the term of a concierge government, which is dependable for the behavior of elections and moves of authority. The officers of the warden government should be non-partisan and are agreed three months to total their job. This transitional arrangement is a transformation that was pioneered by Bangladesh in its 1991 selection and then institutionalized in 1996 throughout its 13th constitutional adjustment.

The foundation of Bangladesh was drafted in 1972 and has undergone 14 amendments. The chief legal body is the best quad. Justices are selected by the leader. The official and law enforcement institutions are feeble. Division of powers, official from administrative was lastly implemented on 1 November 2007. It is anticipated that this division will create the judiciary stronger and neutral. Laws are insecurely based on English familiar rule, but family laws such as wedding and legacy are based on devout scripts, and so are different among impious communities.

Main parties in Bangladesh are the Bangladesh Awami group and the Bangladesh autonomist Party (BNP). BNP is led by Khaleda Zia and has conventionally been related with Islamist parties like Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh and Islami Oikya Jot, while Sheikh Hasina's Awami group aligns by leftist and secularist parties. Hasina and Zia are sour rivals who have conquered political dealings for over 15 years; every  related to one of the leaders of the self-government group. an additional imperative actor is the Jatiya Party, headed by past services dictator Ershad. The Awami League-BNP rivalry has been sour and punctuated by protests, hostility and slaughter. Student politics is particularly physically powerful in Bangladesh, an inheritance from the emancipation movement epoch. Nearly all parties have highly lively student wings, and student leaders have been chosen to the lower house.

Two fundamental terrorist organizations, Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh (JMJB) and Jama'atul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB), were barred in February 2005. A number of small-scale attack attacks taking put since 1999 have been blamed on those groups, and dozens of supposed members have been apprehended in safety operations, counting the heads of those two parties in 2006. The masterminds were tried and executed. The Bangladesh government won admire from world leaders, counting Western leaders, for its physically powerful anti-terrorist posture.

The January 22, 2007 determination was delayed for ever and disaster law affirmed on January 11, 2007 as the Army backed porter government of Fakhruddin Ahmed aimed to arrange a new voter list and crack down on version. They as well assisted the temporary Government of Bangladesh in a make beside corruption, which resulted in Bangladesh's location in simplicity International's Corruption Perceptions directory changed from the very base, where they had been for 3 years in a row, to 147th in presently 1 year. A big agreement led by the Bangladesh Awami League won the December 29, 2008 poll, in a mud slide conquest. They got 230 chairs between 300 seats in the parliament.

Language

   We are Bengalis, and bangle, the bangle language, in our mother tongue.

    Bangle is the national language of Bangladesh. Our language was the main inspiration in our liberation war. We love our language; we fought for its status, and founded an independent country. If we had not fought for Bangla, there would have been no Bangladesh.

    Bangle is a rich and developed language, and it has the sixth largest native speaks in the world. More than 250 million people speak bangle in Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and all over the world. More than ten million Bengalis in the US, the UK, and other parts of the world speak Bangla in their daily lives.

   It is one of the major languages of the world. Our language has a long history; it is more than years old.

    Bangla is an Aryan language. More than two thousands years ago a language was spoken in India which is now called the Old Indo-Aryan language. It was a great language. All languages change in time. The Indo-Aryan language had changed throughout centuries and given rise to many languages in different parts of India. The language that developed in our area from the Aryan language came to be known as Bangla. The Bangla language took a distinct form in the 10^th century. Our language has a number of sister languages. Hindi of India is a sister language of Bangla.

   Bangle originated in the 10^th century. It has changed in many ways during the last thousand years. There are three ages of Bangla. The ancient age (950-1200), the middle age (1350-1800), and the modern age (since 1801-). There was also a dark age that lasted from 1200 to 1350.

   The oldest specimens of the Bangla language is found in an anthology of songs named the Charyapad. It contains 46 and a half songs composed by 24 Buddhist poets. The names of our oldest poets seem exotic to us. They were Kanhapa, Lyipa, Kukkuripa, Biruapa, and others. They had written beautiful religious songs full of dazzling images. Our oldest poets were a kind of rebels. They did not lead conventional family life lives. They came from the lowest levels of the society.

     In the middle age we had innumerable poets who had composed lyrics and long narratives in verse. The lyrics are called the Baisnab.

   Padabali or the Baisab verses. These are superb love lyrics devoted to Radha and Krishna, two eternal lovers. The long narrative verses are called Mangalkabyas, the Auspicious Poems. These were written in praise of some gods in order to preach their religions to the people.

   The Bangla language is rich both in vowels and consonants. Bangla has 7 vowel sounds and 30 consonant sounds, although 35/36 consonant characters are used in writing. We have voicelss and voiced, unaspirated and aspirated consonants, and nasals, velar, palatals, retroflexes, dentals, and English. We have our own writing system. The script that we use for writing Bangla is called the Brahmilipi, the Brahmi script, which is more than 2,000 years old. You should learn Bangla, which is your own language.